There is no evidence of any quote or of any great defense of his people by Spartacus in any manner. . Rather than try and openly battle Spartacus in southern Italy he built a system of fortifications centred on the Melia Ridge in an effort to trap Spartacus and starve his troops. As the series two main villains, Spartacus comes to interact with them on occasion, especially with Claudius Glaber. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Spartacus: 5 Things That Are Historically Accurate (& 5 Things That Are Completely Fabricated), 15 Best Movies Set In Ancient Rome, Ranked (According To Rotten Tomatoes), Quintus Batiatus might not make a lot of sense in the show, 14 Movies To Watch If You Love The Roman Empire, whether he needed this large amount of screen time or not, The Most Historically Accurate Movies, According To IMDb, 5 Things That Are Historically Accurate In Peaky Blinders (& 5 That Aren't). Spartacus (approximately 100-71 BCE), was a gladiator from Thrace who led a major revolt against Rome. Though few in number, they seized kitchen utensils, fought their way free from the school, and seized several wagons of gladiatorial weapons and armour. Karl Marx listed Spartacus as one of his heroes and described him as "the most splendid fellow in the whole of ancient history" and a "great general, noble character, real representative of the ancient proletariat". Spartacus was indeed a slave who led the Spartacus Revolt, which began in 73 BC. 283", "Tribes, Dynasts and Kingdoms of Northern Greece: History and Numismatics", A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, page 494", "AUSXIP Spartacus: Blood and Sand TV Show Lucy Lawless Sam Raimi & Rob Tapert", "DC's Legends of Tomorrow: Shawn Roberts in an unexpected guest appearance", Spartacus' Uprising and Soviet Historical Writing, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spartacus&oldid=1140917772, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Spartak Odesa, a football team competed in the, Spartak Kharkiv, a football team competed in the, The "Spartacus Overture" was written by composer, In the expandable miniature wargaming system. Whether Spartacus really wanted this, or whether his men decided this for him, is not known. Andy Whitfield, the British star of US TV drama Spartacus: Blood and Sand, has died at the age of 39. He was sent to the gladiatorial training school in Capua in 73 B.C.E. The chroniclers Appian and Plutarch provide the greatest detail about Spartacus's final battle against Crassus. You cannot download interactives. New York, Most people worship heroes like Hercules, or the Spartacus depicted for adolescents in series like Spartacus: Blood and Sand, for their great bodily strength and feats: However, unless our hearts are purified, what battles and dangers must then insinuate themselves in us, against our will! [54] Spartacus Books, one of the longest running collectively-run leftist book stores in North America, is also named in his honour. He was a Thracian who joined the Roman army as a young man. In 73 BC Spartacus escaped from the gladiatorial barracks with around 70 comrades, armed with kitchen implements and a few scattered weapons. Spartacus was sold as a slave to a gladiator . Be Here Now is as good an example of what this philosophical paradox might mean as we can offer to our students. In 1960 Stanley Kubrick directed a historical epicstarring Kirk Douglas. However, he was betrayed by the pirates, who took payment and then abandoned the rebels. Who will suffer your course to be just as you plan it? Owen Jarus is a regular contributor to Live Science who writes about archaeology and humans' past. In his military life he was even more ruthless. Accounts from only about a dozen ancient writers survive to this day, and none of the surviving reports was written by Spartacus or one of his supporters. "He was a gentle man who never said a bad word about anyone, a gifted photographer, engineer (no really!) Spartacuss cavalry was apparently unable to reach Crassuss missile throwers and archers. He should now do the same thing, faced with even this news about his illness. Why Alex Murdaugh was spared the death penalty, Why Trudeau is facing calls for a public inquiry, The shocking legacy of the Dutch 'Hunger Winter', Why half of India's urban women stay at home. Was Spartacus real? However, in his final battle, Spartacus killed his horse so that he can be on the same level as his soldiers. ", Street fighting in Bakhmut but Russia not in control, Saving Private Ryan actor Tom Sizemore dies at 61, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, Xi Jinping's power grab - and why it matters, Snow, Fire and Lights: Photos of the Week. Here's how to watch. And how much I am losing how many years rightfully mine? The Gauls and Germans were defeated first, and Spartacus himself ultimately fell fighting in pitched battle. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. [26] At its height, Spartacus's army included many different peoples, including Celts, Gauls, and others. These final deeds and words were felt to display the real measure of their philosophies as shaping what Socrates called examined lives. The show sees Caesar as very involved in the plot to take down Spartacus, even going so far as to infiltrate his forces. Spartacus. Although Roman authors assumed that the escaped slaves were a homogeneous group with Spartacus as their leader, they may have projected their own hierarchical view of military leadership onto the spontaneous organization, reducing other slave leaders to subordinate positions in their accounts. Two volumes. By the end of 71 BC, Spartacus was encamped in Rhegium (Reggio Calabria), near the Strait of Messina. He was the one who, along with Crixus, Gannicus, Castus, and Oenomaus, escaped the gladiator school and led one of the most famous uprisings in Roman history. Indeed, slave rebellions were not uncommon. In 2010, Whitfield was a young man with everything to look forward to. Many theories have been proposed, but the best explanation was already hinted at in the ancient sources. We will send you the latest TV programmes, podcast episodes and articles, as well as exclusive offers from our shop and carefully selected partners. [citation needed], In the spring of 72 BC, the rebels left their winter encampments and began to move northward. By the spring of 72 B.C., Spartacus may have had 40,000 troops, some of which stayed in south Italy with his co-leader Crixus while the remainder advanced towards the Alps under the command of Spartacus. Andy Whitfield, the British star of US TV drama Spartacus: Blood and Sand, has died at the age of 39. The Spartakiad was a Soviet bloc version of the Olympic games. Tristan Hughes is joined by Peta Greenfield to talk through the history of the Vestal Virgins. Sources differ on why Spartacus took this course of action. Died: 71 BC on a battlefield near Petelia, Italy. A September 2010 medical check-up indicated that the disease had returned, now in different places. Historical Trips - Book your next historical adventure, 6 Secret Historic Gardens in the United Kingdom, Join Dan Snow for the Anniversary of the D-Day Landings, War of The Worlds: The Most Infamous Radio Broadcast in History, The King Revealed: 10 Fascinating Facts About Elvis Presley, 10 Facts About American Poet Robert Frost. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Ancient writers say that he lost thousands of soldiers in the break out. Jupiter and Venus 'kiss' in a stunning planetary conjunction tonight. In time, he even succeeded in getting non-slaves to join his rebellion. Deakin University provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU. All of this is admirable, some readers will say. Spartacus's struggle has been inspirational to revolutionaries, politicians and writers since the 19th century. Best known for: Leading a slave uprising against Rome. Actor Liam McIntyre took over Whitfield's role in the TV series when he became ill. "On a beautiful sunny Sydney spring morning, surrounded by his family, in the arms of his loving wife, our beautiful young warrior Andy Whitfield lost his 18-month battle with lymphoma cancer," his wife said in a statement. As anyone who has ever looked up from the plain toward the rock wall of the Italian Alps knows, the mountains are overpowering, writes Strauss. According to the differing sources and their interpretation, Spartacus was a captive taken by the legions. The life of an amazing, real-life gladiator. Spartacus is thought to have been killed in the battle. Legend tells that when the Romans defeated the slave revolt led by the gladiator Spartacus in 71 BCE, they searched in vain for the real Spartacus. Not a whole lot of history regarding Spartacus has survived. Spartacus needed two things, good boats and good sailors, to be able to land an advance party of his troops across the strait. It is a matter, not of words, but of facts. For the idea of philosophy at stake in a documentary like Be Here Now will not write you papers, in the best journals, win promotions or accolades or references or citations or Professorial chairs. Due to the previous Social War (9187 BC), some of Spartacus's ranks were legion veterans. Puzzle of the sun's mysterious 'heartbeat' signals finally solved, China's Mars rover may be dead in the dust, new NASA images reveal. Crassus's legions followed and upon arrival built fortifications across the isthmus at Rhegium,[citation needed] despite harassing raids from the rebels. He undertakes, in total, some eleven rounds of chemotherapy, and one bout of radiography: exhausting every possible therapeutic avenue. Spartacus was around 30 years old at the time he started his revolt,[17] which would put his birth year around 103 BC. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. Perhaps seeing his own soldiers beginning to waver Spartacus stiffened their resolve by crucifying a Roman soldier where all could see. What bitter cares then tear men disturbed by passion! Whitfield died on Sunday in Sydney, Australia, 18 months after being diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, his family and manager said. Yet even Pierre Hadot, the philologist-turned-philosopher famous for re-emphasing the often-forgotten existential dimension of classical philosophy, at the end of his life begrudgingly admitted the extraordinary parallels between the kind of Buddhism which assisted Andy Whitfield in his final years, and ancient Stoic, sceptical and Epicurean ideas. What other fears do just the same! Manu Bennett (seasons 1-3 and prequel) as Crixus - a Gaul, he was Batiatus' top gladiator prior to Spartacus. Throughout Spartacus was facinga dilemma escape home over the alps or continue attacking the Romans. Although his uprising was not an attempt at social revolution, his name has frequently been invoked by revolutionaries such as Adam Weishaupt in the late 18th century and Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, and the other members of the German Spartacus League of 191619. to 71 B.C.E.). Furthermore, the politics of being a slave also hold true. This attitude asks us, on the basis of confronting philosophical reasoning, to put aside such all-too-human comparisons of what is, with what might be or could have been. Not a lot is known about Spartacus' early life. Appian and Florus write that he intended to march on Rome itself. Although 6,000 rebel slaves were crucified in real life . Italy had unprecedented wealth, including over 1 million slaves. Whatever the truth of the story, you are unlikely to learn much about it by watching the 2010-2013 Starz series Spartacus which dramatizes the Thracian slave-come-gladiators epic story. However, according to Cicero (Ad Atticum VI, ii, 8) at the beginning his followers were much less than 50. communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of Spartacus, "Oeuvres 53, vol. The final battle took place in April 71 BC. We can readily imagine the kinds of beliefs a person in Andy Whitfields situation could have formed, absent philosophical direction: What have I done to deserve this? Now seriously alarmed, the Romans sent in a second military force under Publius Varinius. One was through hatred and anger: the bread and butter of Spartacus: Blood and Sand. The show plays out a lot of similar battle strategies used by the Romans and depicts the results rather accurately. Yet Whitfields own response was different. The show depicts the two groups as collaborators at first, with the Romans eventually turning on the Thracians and enslaving them. Spartacus Godspeed, Andy! Plutarch wrote that, just before the battle, Spartacus got off his horse, killed the beast, and told his men that if he won the battle, he would have many fine horses that belonged to the enemy, but if he lost he would have no need of a horse. The battle went poorly. truly, this world is little better than an arena in which gladiators kill and die for the others sport etc. He was sent to the gladiatorial training school in Capua in 73 B.C. Spartacus eventually managed to break through Crassuss trap by filling in one his trenches (allegedly with human bodies) and using his cavalry to punch through. "[28], In these altercations, Spartacus proved to be an excellent tactician, suggesting that he may have had previous military experience. This philosophy, never explicitly discussed, was evidently very deeply influenced by Buddhismas well as by the profound strength and support of the love of his life. Find out more about how the BBC is covering the. Updates? Spartacus is thought to have been killed in the battle. [56] Spartacus has been a great inspiration to left-wing revolutionaries, most notably the German Spartacus League (191518), a forerunner of the Communist Party of Germany. Stay in the now and enjoy every moment.". Though the show finds a clever way to spin the ending of the show with the actual theories around his death, audiences still get to see Spartacus final moments. While the Strait of Messina is small, being only two miles (3.2 kilometers) wide at some points, Spartacus had several problems crossing it. "How lucky we were to have him grace all our lives. Read more. Biography: Early Life. Reflecting Platos paradox, considerable interest was taken in the ancient doxographic literature in the deaths and last words of ancient philosophers. It was acclaimed as the first truly intelligent epic, but its director, the highly acclaimed Stanley Kubrick, has largely disowned it.Kubrick took the assignment, partially as a way of escaping the ill-fated One-Eyed Jacks project he was . ): * There wa. A Thracian by birth, Spartacus served in the Roman army, perhaps deserted, led bandit raids, and was caught and sold as a slave. Stanley Kubrick directed Kirk Douglas in the film Spartacus, released in 1960. He will be remembered as the inspiring, courageous and gentle man, father and husband he was.". Other warriors like Gannicus who was strung up on . While the Starz show was praised for its historical accuracy, that doesn't quite mean that it got everything about the man right. Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. Andy Whitfield (season 1 and prequel) and Liam McIntyre (seasons 2-3) as Spartacus - a Thracian slave who becomes a gladiator in the ludus of Lentulus Batiatus before leading a slave uprising. Heres how it works. He notes that other factors may also have been involved. Different peoples and generations discover and rediscover these across time, faced with the same difficulties that attend finite human lives, independently of culture and discourse. He tried to leave the army. He is remembered for his rebellion against the oligarchical Roman reign during 73-72 BC. Andy Whitfield as Spartacus. He defeated Roman forces over half a dozen times, marching his people up and down the Italian peninsula until he was killed in battle in April 71 B.C. [18] Spartacus was trained at the gladiatorial school (ludus) near Capua belonging to Lentulus Batiatus. The Spartacist League was a revolutionary socialist group, formed in Germany in 1916, which unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the government in 1919. Although the Cilicians made an agreement with Spartacus and accepted his gifts, they deceived him and sailed away, wrote Plutarch. Gannicus was a Celtic slave, who together with the Thracian Spartacus, Crixus, Castus and Oenomaus, became one of the leaders of rebel slaves during the Third Servile War (73-71 BC). He was a heavyweight gladiator called a murmillo. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. It is speculated that he died at the end of the Third Servile War when Marcus Crassus forces finally overwhelmed Spartacus soldiers. In one scene, recorded soon after the final medical news is delivered to him and Vashti, Andy tells us that he has been learning to sit with this awareness, and come to a peace with it. Soon after, he escaped with about 70 other gladiators and gathered his followers on nearby Mount Vesuvius. Although Crassus would ultimately defeat the Spartacus rebellion, Pompey would claim credit for the act, fueling his own rise to the apex of Roman politics. The pirates, however, had other plans. Despite this, the show still finds a very clever way to incorporate Glaber into a larger role in the show (whether he needed this large amount of screen time or not) despite his small mark on history. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. This did not work out well for the rebels. [2] The philosopher Voltaire described the Third Servile War as "the only just war in history". Audiences see Spartacus as he trains under the house of Cornelius Batiatus. Appian relates that Spartacus continued fighting but was eventually surrounded and struck down by the Romans. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Thracians were known to be good horseman, able to tame even wild horses. By the end of 72 BC, they were camped at Rhenium, (now Reggio di Calabria) probably intending to go on to Sicily. When the Romans fled, the slaves seized their camp, Plutarch wrote. "Andy was an inspiration to all of us as he faced this very personal battle with courage, strength and grace," he added. In this area, since 1899, there have been finds of armour and swords of the Roman era. He appears to have served in a Roman auxiliary unit for a time, deserted and became either a bandit or insurgent against the Romans. The growth of Spartacuss force was aided by other factors. They were able to build such a formidable force in part because many freedmen and other free commoners joined their ranks along with thousands of fugitive slaves, writes historian Michael Parenti in an essay published in the book "Spartacus: Film and History" (Blackwell, 2006). [20], About 70[21] slaves were part of the plot. [48] Six thousandsurvivors of the revolt captured by the legions of Crassus were crucified, lining the Appian Way from Rome to Capua.[49]. How Much of Tacitus Agricola Can We Really Believe? The third season of the series sees actor Todd Lasance in the role of Julius Caesar himself. [8] The authors refer to the Thracian tribe of the Maedi,[9][10][11] which occupied the area on the southwestern fringes of Thrace, along its border with the Roman province of Macedonia present day south-western Bulgaria. He joined the Roman legion when he was a teenager, but he really didn't like life in the legion, so he deserted. Your job, she tells him, is notimpossibly to control what he cannot. He was considered a brave and able leader who fought against tremendous odds with remarkable success. [19] In 73 BC, Spartacus was among a group of gladiators plotting an escape. Spartacuss strategy appears to have been two-fold, use his cavalry to attack Crassuss archers and missile throwers while Spartacus would lead his infantry in an attempt to kill Crassus himself, hoping to break up his army. When did Spartacus sell slavery? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Destined for the arena, in 73 bce he, with a band of his fellow gladiators, broke out of a training school at Capua . None of Spartacus's actions overtly suggest that he aimed at reforming Roman society or abolishing slavery. Anne Franks Legacy: How Her Story Changed the World. After defeating two Roman forces in succession, the rebels overran most of southern Italy. Doing so serves as a great callback to the original film while also showing how Spartacus evolved as an ideal. [1] His name means "one with curly hair" in Gaulish. Together they used guerrilla tactics to fight off Roman attacks. Pompey? Omissions? "After the initial shock - I was a healthy young man and had no idea this could happen - it was frustrating that the first season was ending on such a high note. Pompeys army intercepted and killed many slaves who were escaping northward, and 6,000 prisoners were crucified by Crassus along the Appian Way. According to Plutarch, Spartacus made a bargain with Cilician pirates to transport him and some 2,000 of his men to Sicily, where he intended to incite a slave revolt and gather reinforcements. The name Spartacus is otherwise manifested in the Black Sea region. The Roman legions eventually defeated and crucified thousands of them, and Spartacus was killed in battle in 71 BC. It moulds and constructs the soul; it orders our life, guides our conduct, shows us what we should do and what we should leave undone Without it, no one can live fearlessly or in peace of mind. Glaber serves as the main antagonist for the second season of . He even reports feeling selfish to the extent that he has achieved this peace, knowing that his children will miss their father, and his wife her best friend and husband. The Father of History: Who Was Herodotus. The Romans camped at the bottom of the mountain, trying to starve out the rebels. Spartacus is believed to be the leader of the gladiatorial rebellion, and co-leader of the slave army with the two Gauls, Crixus and Onemus. But one thing neither commander appears to have counted on was that Spartacus had built up a sizable cavalry force in the preceding months. [3] Although this interpretation is not specifically contradicted by classical historians, no historical account mentions that the goal was to end slavery in the Republic. Eventually Spartacus lined up his men for battle and Crassus his. Hemmed in by Crassuss eight legions, Spartacuss army divided. Gradually, more escaped slaves joined their ranks. Philosophy is no trick to catch the public, the Roman Stoic Seneca (first century CE) thus wrote a pupil: it is not devised for show. All rights reserved. His story had clear ties and relevance to the anti-slavery movement. They marched as far north as Gaul (modern-day France). In regards to his ties with the Roman Empire, historians arent quite sure of what exactly happened. The mascot for the Ottawa Senators, Spartacat, is also named after him. Furthermore, based off of what historians know, the first season is fairly accurate. Part of the shows grand appeal was the dramatic lifestyle featured in the show, especially between the wealthy and the slaves. But we do know that he was sent to a gladiator school in Capua where he was trained to fight . Spartacus waged a brilliant guerrilla campaign against a strong and well-organized enemy, but he could not prevail against a fully mobilized Rome. Chris Albrecht, president and chief operating officer of US TV network Starz, said he was "deeply saddened" by Whitfield's loss. Associate Professor in Philosophy, Deakin University, Matthew Sharpe works at Deakin. Spartacus, which attracted media attention in the US for its graphic scenes of sex and violence, was first seen in the UK on the now defunct Bravo channel before moving to Sky One. He enjoys writing screenplays and comics in his free time and considers himself to be incredibly nerdy. Whether the pirates had been bribed by the Romans, or just didnt want to be involved, is not known. , If you should live three thousand years, yet remember this, that no man loses any other life than that he now lives; and that he now lives no other life than what he is parting with, every instant . Dramatizes is not quite the word for this bazaar of Blood and Sand in which almost everyone parades around in next to nothing and blood spurts fantastically out of punctured bodies in every episode. Happily married, a father of two beautiful children, his casting as Spartacus had propelled him to fame and fortune. How did Spartacus die in real life? ", But he added he then found "time to heal, figure things out and spend time with my family. They then stormed the Roman camp, overwhelming them and in the process picking up military-grade equipment. [6] Appian says he was "a Thracian by birth, who had once served as a soldier with the Romans, but had since been a prisoner and sold for a gladiator".[7]. He turned to a group of Cilician pirates (as Plutarch called them) who frequented the area and, who Strauss notes, were equipped with speedy boats and navigational knowledge, things Spartacus needed to make the crossing successfully. In the show, his wife is separated from him and eventually returned on the brink of death. Only a few key changes were made to wrap up some of the shows story arcs. Rome did not respond to Spartacus growing force seriously. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The series comes to an end in an epic battle of troops and a personal mano-a-mano bloody, bloody sword fight between Spartacus and Crassus. The writer Plutarch, who lived in the second century A.D., wrote that she was a prophetess who was possessed by ecstatic frenzies that were part of the worship of the god Dionysus. After Spartacus woke up with a snake coiled around his head she declared that this was the sign of a tremendous and fearsome power that would bring him to an unfortunate end (translation by Brent Shaw, from the book "Spartacus and the Slave Wars: Brief History with Documents," Bedford/St.Martins, 2001). The maxim Be Here Now reflects a philosophical attitude to existence close to the heart of Buddhism, in the East, and to Stoicism in particular, in the West. Spartacus, (died 71 bce), leader in the Gladiatorial War (7371 bce) against Rome. I love you. Additionally the Roman governor of Sicily, Gaius Verres, had fortified some of the best landing spots. The show's attention to detail really helped build the narrative in a believable fashion, making the show all the more appealing. [57] A January 1919 uprising by communists in Germany was called the Spartacist uprising. He has become a modern-day inspirational figure. Plutarch writes that Spartacus wished to escape north into Cisalpine Gaul and disperse his men back to their homes. In contrast, urban slaves were more used to city life and were considered "privileged" and "lazy. However, both versions of the famous quote are entirely fictitious. [20] The escaped slaves defeated soldiers sent after them, plundered the region surrounding Capua, recruited many other slaves into their ranks, and eventually retired to a more defensible position on Mount Vesuvius.[22][23]. While it may have made for good drama, it is also one of the shows biggest inaccuracies. Spartacus was based on a slave who headed a revolt against the Romans in the 1st century BC. Hereturned to the popular consciousness of Europe during the 1791 slave rebellion in Haiti. The slaves managed to break through the fortifications that Crassus had built to trap them, but were pursued to Lucania where the rebel army was destroyed. Anthropology, Archaeology, Arts and Music. 9, Correspondance gnrale, 461-3, no. Image Credit: Gautier Poupeau from Paris, France, CC BY 2.0
, via Wikimedia Commons. However, things didn't work out. There is no way of knowing how the legendary leader died. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. This left Spartacus with no choice but to take his force north to face a Roman leader more ruthless than any he had encountered before. Answer (1 of 21): Sort of. In 72 BC Spartacus and his army marched north towards Gaul (the Roman term for a region covering France, the Low Countries and northern Italy). Plutarch, Appian and Florus all claim that Spartacus died during the battle, but Appian also reports that his body was never found. Castus and Gannicus were defeated by Crassus, likely sometime before April, at the Battle of Cantenna. Undeterred Spartacus, at the head of his troops, and on foot, led a charge aimed at Crassus himself. Be Here Now, in this ancient light, gives a very different kind of answer to the Romans question: who is the real Spartacus?, or where you might find him. Spartacus could have tried for another port, or another part of Italy. The other was through compassion and acceptance. Alarmed at the continued threat posed by the slaves, the Senate charged Marcus Licinius Crassus, the wealthiest man in Rome and the only volunteer for the position,[37] with ending the rebellion.
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