This is not Tchaikovsky singing his neurotic head off, but a master symphonic planner. I'm unhappy with everything, I want to do everything betterbut how? It is as sincere as if it were written with his blood." The second subject, in D Major, is song-like and comes in on the strings. It is the piece that he described many times in letters as the best thing I ever composed or shall compose, a work whose existence proved to him that he had found a way out of a symphonic impasse, which represented a return to the heights of his achievement as a composer away from what he thought of as the numbing, written-by-numbers populism of his ballet The Nutcracker or the trivial pancakes of the piano pieces he was also writing in 1893 and brought a deep, personal satisfaction that he hadnt felt in years. This is also borne out by notes in the copy-book containing the sketches. P. Tchaikovsky. Upon his return to Russia, he launched into a new work which he described as a symphony of life, loss, disillusionment and death. By 1892, when he was working on early sections of a sixth symphony in E-flat major, Tchaikovsky was one of the most famous composers in the world a man whose fame redounded to the glory of his homeland, as he had hoped it would. Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. Nowhere is this schism more apparent than with Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, whose music was reviled by critics but adored by the public. The five movements are driven partly by the loose pastoral narrative described by the movement titles. Robert Simpson aptly observed, "No other work has survived so many critical burials." Even when she furnished him with a villa next door, they carefully coordinated their schedules to avoid direct contact. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. (Haydn had concluded his 1772 Symphony # 45 ("Farewell") with a slow movement, but it was a mere gimmick appended to a standard form to symbolize his orchestra's discontent with their working conditions. As with both of the main tunes in this movement, Tchaikovsky wants to give his melodies - closed, circular objects rather than Beethovenian cells of symphonic possibility - their full. This determination on my part is admirable and irrevocable.[9]. Tchaikovsky "Nutcracker" Suite is . Began to play the piano at age 4 and composed. Tchaikovsky left Klin on 19 October for the first performance in Saint Petersburg, arriving "in excellent spirits". Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. Both volumes were edited by Irina Iordan. Tchaikovsky's Pathtique Symphony owes its fame not least to the yearning, melancholy second theme from the first movement (04:32). EuroArts Music InternationalWatch more concerts in your personal concert hall: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_SdnzPd3eBV5A14dyRWy1KSkwcG8LEey Subscribe to DW Classical Music: https://www.youtube.com/dwclassicalmusic#tchaikovsky #pathetique #symphony 19 August 1893" [O.S.]. His mental and physical health suffered so much during the composition of the piece that the 26-year-old thought he might not survive. [23], A suggested program has been what Taruskin disparagingly termed "symphony as suicide note". Tchaikovsky conducted the new symphony himself at the premiere, which took place in St. Petersburg in October 1893. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. For instance, Haydn is listed as almost entirely major. 6); Programm-Symphonie (No. 6, "Pathtique," in 1893 in St. Petersburg; the second performance took place at his memorial concert. 74 First Movement The piece opens in E minor, with bassoons in slow time foreshadowing the main theme's rise through a minor third. Tchaikovsky takes full advantage of this in his first statement and at the same time manages to hint at the shape of his second theme (2a). Presto. A solemn brass chorale with pizzicato string accompaniment draws the movement to a close. Bb minor. International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP), . . . . . A halting melody emerges in the solo clarinet, shrouded in the gloom of the low strings. Tomorrow I shall immerse myself in the new symphony" [10]. The melody is then repeated with lower notes on cellos, basses, and bassoon and finally ending quietly again in B minor and in total tragedy, as if the fade out occurs. The premiere took place in Moscow on February 22, 1878, under Nikolai Rubinstein's direction. The opening theme reappears, now the first theme in the recapitulation, which later leads to the secondary theme but this time in G major and march-like. The second is a "limping waltz," boasting the near-miracle of a melody so smooth you're hardly aware it's in 5/4 time and missing a beat. After a pause, the mournful motif, back in B minor, leads into the restatement of the A theme. Perhaps the most widely acclaimed came from the dour Evgeny Mravinsky, who consistently achieved a remarkable blend of discipline and passion throughout his four available performances, all with the Leningrad Philharmonic a 1949 studio set of 78s (BMG 29408), a 1956 mono LP (DG 47423), a 1960 stereo remake (DG 19745) and a 1984 concert (Erato 45756). Its French translation Pathtique is generally used in French, Spanish, English, German and other languages,[5] Many English-speaking classical musicians had, by the early 20th century, adopted an English spelling and pronunciation for Tchaikovsky's symphony, dubbing it "The Pathetic", as shorthand to differentiate it from a popular 1798 Beethoven piano sonata also known as The Pathtique. Tchaikovsky is "widely considered the most popular Russian composer in history. The 6th Symphony is characterized by a mixture of conventional symphonic structure and certain tragic features. allegro molto vivace(33:49) IV. I don't know whether I wrote to you that I had prepared a symphony [7] and suddenly became disappointed and tore it up. His closest friends were so unsure about parts of the work that they did not say anything to him. The symphony is scored for an orchestra with the following instruments: Although not called for in the score, a bass clarinet is commonly employed to replace the solo bassoon for the four notes immediately preceding the Allegro vivo section of the first movement,[12][13][14] which originates from Austrian conductor Hans Richter. (00:00) I. Adagio - Allegro non troppo(17:32) II. But, having poured so much of himself into his Pathtique, Tchaikovsky gains when his interpreters follow suit. All through this movement, Tchaikovsky has been throwing in hair- raising dissonances (partly the result of the fourths, partly out . And theres more: the Russian Orthodox Requiem chant even makes a blatant appearance in one of the most dramatic coups-de-thtre in the first movement! This short sublime movement, with a unique structure impressing one as formless in the traditional sense, does not overwhelm the symphony, but instead offers a brief moment of terror that brings into further relief the calm, peace and finally joy of the journey. It was an ideal bond, with all the intimacy and emotional fulfillment he craved but without the loathsome physicality; he could idealize his affections from a distance without having to face the reality of emerging flaws and the boredom of domestic routine. Tchaikovsky's brother Modest wrote, "There was applause and the composer was recalled, but with more enthusiasm than on previous occasions. The first movement, in sonata form, frequently alternates speed, mood, and key, with the main key being B minor. It's a melody built on simple, repeating phrasessomething akin to a lamenting Russian folksong. Then, the music and the F begin to fade away, and a gong quietly opens a somber funerallike chorale with the trombones and the tuba. Symphony Six was written between February and August of 1893 by Pyotr-ilyich Tchaikovsky ("Symphony No. The symphony that emerged was his most progressive and suggests that he was on the verge of rebuilding the emotional turmoil of his life into even greater art. Tchaikovsky's symphony was first published in piano reduction by Jurgenson of Moscow in 1893, [6] and by Robert Forberg of Leipzig in 1894. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. We do this symphony a terrible injustice if we only see and hear it through the murky prism of myth, story, and half-truth that now swirls around accounts of what happened in the composers final days. This same theme is the music behind "Where", a 1959 hit for Tony Williams and the Platters as well as "In Time", by Steve Lawrence in 1961, and "John O'Dreams" by Bill Caddick. After this dies down, 2a returns in its fullest form yet (2b is omitted), with another "dying fall" coda, in which 2a melts into wisps. To begin with, this symphony exhibits the narrative paradigm of per aspera ad astra (tragic to triumphant), which manifests as an overall tonal trajectory of e-minor to E-major. I'm very pleased with its content, but dissatisfied, or rather not completely satisfied, with the instrumentation. 1020 Words5 Pages. He knew this piece marked a new high-watermark in his confidence as a composer, and that he had re-invented the symphony on his own terms, and for so many composers who came after him. In fact, this symphony was not destroyedsee the article on the unfinished. Without the storm, the remaining movements broadly follow the traditional pattern, including Andante and Scherzo middle movements. He must have been depressed/suicidal/about to become the victim of an anti-homosexual secret court (one of the more recent and most ludicrous theories behind Tchaikovskys death on 5 November 1893, nine days after he had premiered the Sixth Symphony) to have composed this! The second performance, conducted by Eduard Npravnk, took place 21 days later, at a memorial concert on 18 November [O.S. First part all impulse, passion, confidence, thirst for activity. [8] However, some or all of the symphony was not pleasing to Tchaikovsky, who tore up the manuscript "in one of his frequent moods of depression and doubt over his alleged inability to create". Updated: Feb 28th, 2023. Tchaikovsky was in Florence, Italy when the symphony was premiered and received word only from von Meck at first. PT1: vl 1. In the words of composer Arnold Schoenberg, the finale "starts with a cry and ends with a moan." Of all the . It seems reasonable to suppose that when the author referred to the "scherzo" he meant the second movement, since Tchaikovsky had worked on the third movement for around 10 days in February and March. Now I have become timid and unsure of myself. As with both of the main tunes in this movement, Tchaikovsky wants to give his melodies - closed, circular objects rather than Beethovenian cells of symphonic possibility - their full expression, and at the same time create a sense of musical momentum. Tchaikovsky conducted, and after the performance he told Pyotr Jurgenson: "Something strange is happening with this symphony! Also arranged for piano 4 hands by Tchaikovsky, 1893. It opens quietly with a low bassoon melody in E minor. With regard to the bowings, I intend to consult with Konyus, who is coming to see me about this in the next few days with his violin and younger brother Lev. [9], The symphony was written in a small house in Klin and completed by August 1893. 'Homosexual tragedy' came later. This section ends with diminishing strains on the basses and brass, and is a section that truly reveals the pathos and upcoming emotions of the symphony. Finished on Tuesday 9th Febr[uary 18]93" [O.S.]. Shostakovich: Chamber Symphony opus 110a 2nd movement - Allegro molto Sinfonia Toronto / Nurhan Arman, Conductor https://lnkd.in/en8e8fJ Recorded Liked by njoli M. Ferrara-Clayton Andris Nelsons/City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra: the pick of recent recordings, with Nelsonss in-the-moment brilliance and the CBSOs collective virtuosity. The woman and the orchestra each stop and start, to express the manner in which ordinary people moved through the city during the siege of Sarajevo. Next comes a vivid march that builds repeatedly over tense, chattering strings to a rousing brass-fueled climax so thrilling that audiences invariably burst into spontaneous applause. Sketches dated from as early as February, but progress was slow. For those outside of Russia, Tchaikovsky represented the best the country had to offer, a sensitive musical genius. Of his two studio recordings, a 1947 NBC Symphony venture (BMG 60295) sounds brittle, rigid and heartless, further brutalized by a dreadful transfer from damaged 78s (not evident in an earlier Victrola LP transfer). Instead, in his most visionary touch of all, Tchaikovsky concludes with a slow movement that thrashes and seethes with stressful emotion before finally fading away into restless exhaustion. Perhaps the most popular of the restrained recordings is the lushly played but interpretively bland 1960 version by Eugene Ormandy and the Philadelphia Orchestra (Sony 47657); there was more oomph in their 1937 debut (Biddulph WHL 046). Russia in the 1860s - the land without the symphony. His mother, named Aleksandra Assier, was of Russian . The whole of the rough draft was written within three weeks. A scathing review by Csar Cui of the cantata he had written as a graduation piece from the St. Petersburg Conservatory shattered his morale. Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. under WIlhem Wurfel and his music was. The sound remains remarkably fine. over a descending pizzicato bass (related to 2a) closes the movement. Valery Gergiev/Kirov Orchestra: one of the most white-hot of Gergievs recordings - and therefore, one of the most white-hot recordings, ever! At the end of the sketches for the first movement is the author's note: "Begun on Thursday 4th Febr[uary]. His brother Modest claims to have suggested the title, which was used in early editions of the symphony; there are conflicting accounts about whether Tchaikovsky liked the title,[4] but in any event his publisher chose to keep it and the title remained. On 6/18 July, he told Anatoly Tchaikovsky: "I will stay here [at Ukolovo] for five days and then travel to Klin. And, given the ambition of what he was attempting, it's no surprise that the piece caused him a lot of personal pain it was the single work that gave him more anguish than any other, according to his brother Modest and that it proved controversial to both factions of the Russian music scene. The composer's autograph arrangement for piano duet has been lost, but a manuscript copy containing his annotations is preserved in the Russian State Archive for Literature and Art in Moscow (. Myung-Whun Chung conducts Tchaikovskys Pathtique Symphony with the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra on 27 August at the Proms. Even the sudden outburst in the first movement sounds like an organic logical outgrowth of the preceding material. - Electrical Engineering Graduate, sub-majored in Electric Power and Renewable Energy Engineering, with experience working in Endeavour Energy, Ausgrid, AEMO, and TransGrid (from data capture and analysis to inspections and on-site assistance), and technical knowledge and skills developed through different platforms, including DIgSILENT PowerFactory, Python, etc.<br><br>- Passionate about . Its also the closest we have to a revelation of the programme behind the Sixth Symphony, which Tchaikovsky told his beloved nephew Bob was there in the music, but which would remain a secret. MUS 1000 Pre-Concert Report Form (Preliminary Research and Listening Analysis) chamber music and piano works. 4 and Eugene Onegin. 16 October] of that year, nine days before his death. In a letter to Aleksandr Ziloti of 23 July/4 August, he reported: "I'm scoring the symphony and, it's a funny thing, but I'm finding it terribly difficult, i.e. The most far-fetched yet now widely-accepted view is that the composer had been condemned by a "court of honor" of former schoolmates and pressured to kill himself in fear that one of his affairs was about to be exposed and reported to the Czar. This symphony must be finished as quickly as possible, for I have a great deal of other work", the composer wrote to Anatoly Tchaikovsky on 10/22 February [4]. Directions. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Symphony No. Recently, in fits and starts, I managed to compose a new one, and this will certainly not be torn up" [8]. He also reported to Aleksandr Ziloti, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Anatoly Tchaikovsky, Vladimir Davydov, Sergey Taneyev [11] and Praskovya Tchaikovskaya that the orchestration had been begun [12]. Tchaikovsky Symphony No 6 "Pathetique" Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra . 6 is forever associated with the tragedy of his sudden death. Tchaikovsky's subtitle for the whole symphony, "Winter Daydreams", and for this movement, "Daydreams on a winter journey", suggest that he wants to let himself off the symphonic hook, as if he's signalling to his listeners that this piece is as much a tone-poem as a symphony. Interestingly, the work was presented simply as Tchaikovsky's "Symphony No. In 1893, Tchaikovsky mentions an entirely new symphonic work in a letter to his brother: I am now wholly occupied with the new work and it is hard for me to tear myself away from it. In the last year of his life, 1893, the composer began work on a new symphony. Rather than the embarrassment of a divorce, the couple remained separated, Tchaikovsky acceding to his wife's demands for money whenever she threatened to publicize his ruinous secret. The Pathtique, too, had a narrative plan, but this time Tchaikovsky wouldn't elaborate, saying only that it was "impossible to put into words." "All my thoughts are now taken up with a new composition (a symphony), and it's very difficult for me to break away from this work. 74, also known as the Pathtique Symphony, is Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's final completed symphony, written between February and the end of August 1893. A sensation in its time, the justly famous 1938 set by Wilhelm Furtwangler and the Berlin Philharmonic (Biddulph 006) molds each phrase with subtle meaning while building the overall structure, a wondrous balance of passion and intellect, detail and architecture. Detractors quipped that he wasbeing paid by the minute, but this is a unique and fascinating vision. The symphony was completed on 12/24 August. The programme itself will be suffused with subjectivity, and not infrequently during my travels, while composing it in my head, I wept a great deal. 1, any movement (but the fourth movement references musical material from the first three, so it might not be ideal). 74, "Pathtique" Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) THE STORY Tchaikovsky put his soul into his final symphonyand there it remains. His death was officially attributed to cholera, but rumors and theories have persisted over the years, driven in part by the romantic notion of the sixth symphony as a musical farewell, as to whether the infection was accidental or suicidal. [10] However, the composer began to feel apprehension over his symphony, when, at rehearsals, the orchestra players did not exhibit any great admiration for the new work. Tchaikovsky reportedly proclaimed the "Pathtique" to be his finest achievement and was quite proud and satisfied. 6, Tchaikovsky was dead, struck down by cholera that he caught from drinking contaminated water. The second note was added, it seems, after the first performance of the symphony: "I made some corrections in the 2nd and 3rd movements, which need to go into the parts!!! Initially Tchaikovsky had called his Sixth 'A Programme Symphony', but after the premiere he unceremoniously gave it the epithet 'Pathetique' and that is how it has gone down in history.According to Tchaikovsky, the actual program is full of subjective emotions and is meant to remain a mystery. The second movement is more like a dance third movement (in this case a Waltz) and . Analysis. the introduction (bars 1-20) and coda (bars 157-168) to the second movement use a theme from the overture to The Storm (1864). We will write a custom essay specifically for you. Had Tchaikovsky followed the standard four-movement structure, the movements would have been ordered like this: Tchaikovsky critic Richard Taruskin writes: Suicide theories were much stimulated by the Sixth Symphony, which was first performed under the composer's baton only nine days before his demise, with its lugubrious finale (ending morendo, 'dying away'), its brief but conspicuous allusion to the Orthodox requiem liturgy in the first movement and above all its easily misread subtitle. An "objective" approach was pioneered by Arturo Toscanini. From Klin on 19/31 July, Tchaikovsky wrote to Anna Merkling: "I have been idle for far too long and now I am thirsty for work. . On the same page are two notes by the composer. On 10/22 October I will play the symphony, which, by the way, will be completely ready in a day or two" [19]. Additionally, Leonard Bernstein was an essential figure in . Sinfonie (Wintertrume) hr-Sinfonieorchester Paavo Jrvi Watch on As in the first movement, the exposition of the last movement begins in e-minor, and the D-major sonority struggles to establish itself. 6 'Pathetique' Instrumentation Strings, 2 flutes (plus piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones, tuba, timpani Movements 1. It contains references to the Piano Concerto No. In fact, if every composer, author, painter, or poet had died after making their greatest works about death, none of them would have been around for very long. An orchestra rehearses different sections of the symphony in the short film, as a woman is filmed walking through Sarajevo. All Rights Reserved. . 6 took place in October 1893, just over a week before the composer's death. Chicago Symphony Orchestra/Claudio Abbado: Abbado strikes a typical balance between lyrical sumptuousness and structural power. Tianjin Juilliard's 2022-23 season opened in September with a performance led by Ken Lam, director of orchestral studies and resident conductor. Tchaikovsky completed his Fourth Symphony on January 7, 1878. 1893 Peter Tchaikovsky Symphony No. You see? It begins with strings in a fast, exciting motif playing semiquavers against a woodwind 44 meter. At first, Tchaikovsky called the entire symphony "the Crane" but later erased the idea. A slower, synthesised version was utilised in the 2011 video game Pandora's Tower. Many later five-movement symphonies adopt this basic plan of an extra movement before the finale. The following B section, originally a break in the clouds, is very mournful, since this time it is in the tonic B minor instead of D major. There's a wonderful modulation with scraps of 1a through keys from b-flat to b and a full statement of the first subject in a call-and-response section between strings and winds fortissimo. The first drafts of a new symphony were started in the spring of 1891. 4 December], conducted by Vasily Safonov. [7] Background [ edit] After completing his 5th Symphony in 1888, Tchaikovsky did not start thinking about his next symphony until April 1891, on his way to the United States. The second theme of the first movement formed the basis of a popular song in the 1940s, "(This is) The Story of a Starry Night" (by Mann Curtis, Al Hoffman and Jerry Livingston) which was popularized by Glenn Miller. Some historians - and musicians - believe he deliberately contracted cholera. Symphony Six by Pyotr-ilyich . [The detailed grades for each movement are: 1 = 3.5 (5 to the main theme but 2 to the sub-theme); 2 = 2; 3 = 4 (a little more rubato in a few certain places might have allowed it to get 5); 4 = 4 . Never before had a symphony (nor, for that matter, any major work) ended in abject despair. When the symphony was done again a couple of weeks later, in memoriam and with subtitle in place, everyone listened hard for portents, and that is how the symphony became a transparent suicide note. [22], The Pathtique has been the subject of a number of theories as to a hidden program. So yes, this symphony is about a battle between a stubborn life-energy and an ultimately stronger force of oblivion that ends up in a terrifying exhaustion, but what makes the piece so powerful is that its about all of us, not just Tchaikovsky. Tchaikovsky considered calling it (Programmnaya or "Program Symphony") but realized that would encourage curiosity about the program, which he did not want to reveal. There was not the mighty, overpowering impression made by the work when it was conducted by Eduard Npravnk, on November 18, 1893, and later, wherever it was played."[11]. It is difficult to establish how much work Tchaikovsky did after his return from Moscow, between 28 February/12 March and 3/15 March. The Symphony No. Tchaikovsky's Sixth plays a major role in E. M. Forster's novel Maurice (written in 1913 and later, but unpublished until 1971), where it serves as a veiled reference to homosexuality.[30]. . Riccardo Muti, CSO triumph with Tchaikovsky's epic 'Manfred' Symphony - Kyle MacMillan | February 24, 2023 Conductor Riccardo Muti returned to Orchestra Hall Thursday evening for his first concerts with [] "[20] Yet critic David Brown describes the idea of the Sixth Symphony as some sort of suicide note as "patent nonsense". The movement descends into chaos as the themes are developed, ripped apart, and tossed about in a tempest of sound. [30]. I don't know! Must be short (the finale death result of collapse). Through a very neat modulation, we reach the key of B minor and a quicker tempo with the main theme proper, consisting of three parts: The theme has the wonderful faculty that its parts can all sound simultaneously. But even before his massive state funeral rumors began how could a discreet, intelligent man do such a thing? 86-90, mm. 64 Throughout his creative career, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's inspiration went through extreme cycles, tied to his frequent bouts of deep depression and self-doubt. This explosion concludes in a powerful note in the trombones marked quadruple forte, a rare dynamic mark intending the instrument to be played as loud as possible. The first movement is one of Sibelius's most highly organic compositions, and the work as a whole contains some striking foreshadowings of points in the Seventh Symphony : effects of rather cold diatonic polyphony for strings only; the simultaneous sounding of opposing harmonies in contrasted instrumental groups (e.g. 13, 3rd Act No. Soundtrack: The Smurfs. You can't imagine how blissful I feel in the conviction that my time is not yet passed, and to work is still possible. The ultimate essence of the symphony is Life. Call us at 909.587.5565. Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. In my last article on Tchaikovsky, I explored his Tchaikovsky's 5th Symphony: Interpreting Music With Empathy Search for: DESTINATIONS AFRICA EGYPT ALEXANDRIA CAIRO EL GOUNA LUXOR This symphony stands out for having a recurring "motto" theme that cycles through all four movements of the symphony, and it is also often known for its strong emotive quality. Nine days later, Tchaikovsky died. Ask Mr Kleinecke to attend to this". D) 3 rd mov . 74 (TH 30; W 27), subtitled Symphonie pathtique ( ) [1] was composed in February and March 1893, and orchestrated in July and August the same year. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1840-1893 Symphony No. A brass chorale (the first notes of 2a reversed and the rhythm altered) 7") is E major. 60a) [view]. This piece makes use of beautiful melodies, harmonies, rhythms, textures and much more that are very memorable. It runs seamlessly into the fortissimo recapitulation, whose atmosphere is completely different from its rather hesitant equivalent at the beginning of the exposition. But in any case, I think you will like the symphony" [14]. 6 in B minor, Op. Rather, they poured their souls into copious correspondence up to 300 letters per year which provide us with a detailed map of Tchaikovsky's feelings. Listen to how the March of the third movement creates a seething superficial motion that doesnt actually go anywhere, musically speaking, and whose final bars create one of the greatest, most thrilling, but most empty of victories in musical history, at the end of which audiences often clap helplessly, thinking they have arrived at the conventionally noisy end of a symphonic journey. The sixth symphony is used extensively in a 2011 collaborative art film by ejla Kameri, 1395 Days Without Red, currently part of the Pinault Collection at the Punta della Dogana in Venice. But while Tchaikovsky\'s personal battles and bouts with depression have . Tchaikovsky reportedly was deeply depressed at a celebratory breakfast, nearly fainted at the ceremony when told to kiss his bride and was so horrified by the wedding night that he ran off and tried to drown himself. Then I must make the piano duet arrangement", he told Sergey Taneyev on 1/13 August [16]. (So was Modeste, in whose otherwise thorough 3-volume biography not a hint of sexuality was mentioned.) Upon my return I sat down to write the sketches, and the work went so furiously and quickly that in less than four days the first movement was completely ready, and the remaining movements already clearly outlined in my head.
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